Long-term trends in water clarity revealed by Secchi-disk measurements in lower Narragansett Bay   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Borkman  David G.; Smayda  Theodore J. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1998,55(4):668-679

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Temporal variations of surface oceanic and atmospheric CO2 fugacity and total dissolved inorganic carbon in the northwestern North Pacific     

Tomonori Watai  Masaaki Kikuchi  Takakiyo Nakazawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(4):323-336

In order to examine temporal variations of the surface oceanic and atmospheric fCO₂ and the DIC concentration, we analyzed air and seawater samples collected during the period May 1992–June 1996 in the northwestern North Pacific, about 30 km off the coast of the main island of Japan. The atmospheric CO₂ concentration has increased secularly at a rate of 1.9 ppmv yr⁻¹, and it showed a clear seasonal cycle with a maximum in spring and a minimum late in summer, produced mainly by seasonally-dependent terrestrial biospheric activities. DIC also showed a prominent seasonal cycle in the surface ocean; the minimum and maximum values of the cycle appeared in early fall and in early spring, respectively, due primarily to the seasonally-dependent activities of marine biota and partly to the vertical mixing of seawater and the coastal upwelling. The oceanic fCO₂ values were almost always lower than those of the atmospheric fCO₂, suggesting that this area of the ocean acts as a sink for atmospheric CO₂. Values varied seasonally, mainly reflecting seasonal changes of SST and DIC, with a secular increase at a rate of 3.7 μatm yr⁻¹. The average values of the annual net CO₂ flux between the ocean and the atmosphere calculated by using the different bulk equations ranged between −0.8 and −1.7 mol m⁻²yr⁻¹, and its magnitude was enhanced and reduced late in spring and mid-summer, respectively, due mainly to the seasonally varying oceanic fCO₂.  相似文献   

Impact of water source dynamics on dissolved reactive phosphorus loadings in heterogenous karst agroecosystems with phosphatic limestones     

Cory Radcliff  William I. Ford  Saeid Nazari  Christopher Shepard 《水文研究》2021,35(11):e14422

Karst landscapes underlain with phosphatic limestones are now recognized to be an important contributor of fluvial phosphorus (P) to coastal waters. Specifically, karst agroecosystems may be a hotspot for dissolved reactive P (DRP) due to chronic over-application of organic and inorganic fertilizers that create legacy P accumulation in surface soils. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed the hydrologic controls on DRP transport in these systems at the watershed scale, which is the focus of this study. We analysed soil moisture, soil water extractable P, and storm event hydrologic and water quality data from a small heterogenous karst watershed (10.7 km²) in the Inner-Bluegrass Region of Central Kentucky, USA. Four storm events were sampled in winter, 2020 and were analysed for flow pathways using hydrograph recession analysis and water source connectivity using a tracer-based unmixing model. Based on hydrograph separation results, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess drivers of DRP concentrations and loadings. Soil water extractable P results showed stark vertical gradients with greater concentrations at both the surface and deeper soil zones, and minimum concentrations in the root zone. Results for the storm event analysis showed that water source connectivity provided superior prediction of DRP concentrations over the flow pathway analysis, which reflected the heterogeneity of karst maturity masking intermediate flow pathways. Findings from the MLR and loading analysis suggest waters sourced from the soil/epikarst produced significantly higher loadings compared with phreatic and precipitation water source in the three largest events, although concentrations fell between the phreatic (low) and precipitation (high) sources. Findings highlight variable activation of matrix-macropore exchange at different depths throughout the event. Collectively these results suggest existing models and approaches to assess karst hydrology need revision to improve management strategies in this critical landscape.  相似文献   

Suspended solids induce increasing microbial ammonium recycling along the river-estuary continuum of the Yangtze River     

Jingya Xue  Zhonghua Zhao  Xiaolong Yao  Weiting Liu  Lu Zhang 《水文研究》2021,35(8):e14345

Many large rivers worldwide are enriched with high levels of suspended solids (SS), which are known to be hotspots of many nitrogen (N) transformation processes (e.g., denitrification, nitrification). However, the influence of SS on microbial ammonium (NH₄⁺) recycling remains unclear. Water column NH₄⁺ regeneration rates (REGs) and potential uptake rates (U_pots) as well as community biological NH₄⁺ demand (CBAD) was measured in the river-estuary continuum of the third longest river in the world—Yangtze River, which has dramatic SS gradients. We found that REGs, U_pots, and CBAD all increased downriver, with higher REGs, U_pots, and CBAD in the estuary than in the river sections. The regeneration and uptake of NH₄⁺ were nearly balanced in the river sections, while the positive CBAD in the estuary indicated obvious NH₄⁺ demand of microbes. Concentrations of SS, which also control the content of chemical oxygen demand and particulate N, were the main factor influencing NH₄⁺ recycling rates and CBAD. SS-induced regenerated NH₄⁺ in the river-estuary continuum of Yangtze River was estimated to be 11.02 × 10⁸ kg N yr⁻¹ and accounted for about 14% of total N inputs, suggesting that regenerated NH₄⁺ is an important N source for microbes and may influence nutrient dynamics in lower coasts. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report NH₄⁺ recycling in Yangtze River with an emphasis on its influencing factors and contribution to N budgets.  相似文献   

滑坡时空演化规律及覆管力学响应研究     

王金安  周家兴  李飞 《岩土力学》2020,41(7):2155-2167

山体滑坡是威胁天然气管道安全运营的主要地质灾害，研究适应于滑坡演化规律及覆管力学响应状态的分析方法具有重要的工程意义。为此，首先采用坡体系统（阻滑段－下滑段）总势能平衡方程，即拉格朗日变分方程，并基于最小势能原理，获得坡体失稳滑移的临界条件——下滑段应变能释放量等于阻滑段破裂贯通所需要的应变能时，坡体即发生滑移，坡体内部储存的应变能转化为动能。一方面，根据滑动全过程中的岩土体颗粒与管道外壁接触关系，提出了滑坡两阶段的管道力学响应模式；另一方面，考虑岩土体颗粒的碎散度，分别构建岩质滑坡作用下管道的均匀受力模式及土质边坡管道的非均匀受力模式。鉴于此，从小尺度管土相互作用的力学响应出发，推导出岩质边坡与土质边坡滑动前后阶段的管道弹性部分受力表达式。最后，以川气东送EES244段天然气管道跨越滑坡为研究对象，建立了边坡系统总势能方程，分析出坡体的变形、失稳及滑移情况，计算出管道在不同滑动阶段的应力值，对管道的安全性进行了评价。同时，采用数值模拟的方法，从整体大尺度角度对全管段进行受力分析与安全性校核。结果表明：滑动区与未滑动区的交界面附近管道出现应力突变，滑动区内部应力小幅度增加，但整体处于安全稳定状态。因此，采用的小尺度理论计算与大尺度整体数值模拟的研究方法，对拟建管道前期设计、现役管道安全评价和后期管道维修等具有指导意义及实用价值。  相似文献   

石墨消解仪-自动定氮法测定植物果实中的全氮     

吴刚  张兆法  宋凡  刘显  马会春  庞雪敏  张佳林  柳燕云 《岩矿测试》2020,39(2):311-317

通过测定植物果实中的氮元素含量,能够掌握植物生长状况,为提高优质果实的产量提供重要信息。目前分析测试植物果实中全氮的方法为传统凯氏定氮法,主要步骤为消解、蒸馏和滴定,消解时间约90min,蒸馏滴定时间约10～20min,分析测定过程较为繁琐,容易产生人为误差,不适于大批量植物果实样品的分析检测。为了缩短植物果实样品全氮的分析测定时间、提高工作效率,避免人为误差以及解决消解过程中样品飞溅和白烟逸出的问题,本文使用石墨消解仪对样品进行消解,加入浓硫酸和催化剂并加盖回流塞,使用全自动定氮仪进行分析测定,消解过程中样品不发生损失,白烟不逸出,消解时间约50min,蒸馏时间约3min,试剂消耗量小,相对误差和相对标准偏差均小于5%。本文建立的方法能够满足实验室快速、准确检测大批量植物样品中全氮的分析需求,已在中国地质调查局地调招标项目和河北省农用地土壤污染状况详查项目中得到了应用。  相似文献   

藻类生长对沉积物上磷迁移转化的影响     

李苓  王彦  郭智俐  曹晓燕 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,50(3):88-94

通过模拟中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和沉积物共存体系,探究了富营养化条件下,藻类与沉积物对无机磷的吸收/吸附作用的相互影响。采用自制的金汞伏安微电极测定了藻与沉积物共存体系中溶解氧(DO)的含量变化,分析了体系中溶解氧含量变化与磷消耗速率以及沉积物中磷形态分布变化之间的关系。结果表明,在本课题研究范围内,共存的藻类与沉积物互相影响彼此对磷的消耗过程,1.0×10^4、5.0×10^4和1.0×10^5 cells/mL三种初始藻密度的中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)48 h后对磷的吸收百分比分别达54.7%、73.4%、93.8%,添加沉积物后分别降至21.3%、34.1%和51.9%;沉积物对培养基介质中的无机磷的吸附百分比为42.5%,加入三种不同藻密度的藻体后分别降至9.1%、2.8%及0.3%。高密度藻与沉积物共存体系的耗磷速率与体系DO含量呈显著负相关(p<0.05)。体系中DO浓度降低会促进沉积物中Fe-P向水体中释放,从而导致沉积物中铁结合态磷(Fe-P)含量的降低。可交换态磷(Ex-P)、有机磷(OP)和Fe-P是藻类存在时沉积物向水体中较易释放的形态。  相似文献   

Characterization of total suspended solid dynamics in a large shallow lake using long‐term daily satellite images     

Keisuke Hoshikawa  Yoichi Fujihara  Sokly Siev  Seiya Arai  Takashi Nakamura  Hideto Fujii  Ty Sok  Chihiro Yoshimura 《水文研究》2019,33(21):2745-2758

Large, shallow‐water lakes located on floodplains play an important role in creating highly productive ecosystems and are prone to high concentrations of suspended solids due to sediment resuspension. In this study, the aim was to determine the dominant processes governing the total suspended solid (TSS) concentration at the water surface in Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia, which is a large, shallow‐water lake. Satellite remotely sensed daily reflectance data from 2003 to 2017 were used. Seasonal changes in TSS concentration indicated that bottom sediment resuspension during dry seasons was mostly caused by wind and the TSS concentration was closely correlated with the water depth of the lake. The TSS concentration during flood periods was controlled by both wind and inflow currents from the Tonle Sap River. Additionally, we confirmed that surface/subsurface flow with a low TSS concentration from forests on the floodplain lowered the TSS concentration year round, except during August and September. This fact implied that the floodplain forest area decrease may increase the lake TSS concentration. An analysis of the long‐term changes in TSS indicated that a decrease in the water level during flood periods resulted in the high TSS concentrations observed during the subsequent dry periods. Therefore, climate change and water resource development, which are likely to cause water level reductions in the Mekong River during flood periods, may increase the TSS concentration in Tonle Sap Lake, particularly during the dry season.  相似文献   

The impact of land use and cover change on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storage in the Heihe River Basin: A meta-analysis   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Tong  Jinhui  Hu  Jinhua  Lu  Zheng  Sun  Haoran  Yang  Xiaofan 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(9):1578-1594

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Land use and cover change (LUCC) is an important indicator of the human-earth system under climate/environmental change, which also serves as a key impact factor...  相似文献   

高邮湖、南四湖和东平湖有色可溶性有机物来源组成特征     

张柳青  杨艳  李元鹏  石玉  周蕾  周永强  张运林 《湖泊科学》2020,32(2):428-439

高邮湖、南四湖和东平湖作为南水北调东线枢纽湖泊,其水质状况对保障调水安全起到关键性作用本文运用三维荧光光谱平行因子分析法(EEMs-PARAFAC)分析了3个湖泊在不同水文情景下有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)吸收、荧光光谱特征以及荧光组分与主要水质参数的相关性,以探究3个湖泊CDOM来源组成特征结果表明,平行因子分析法解析CDOM三维荧光图谱,得到陆源类腐殖质C1、类色氨酸C2和类酪氨酸C3不同水文情景对高邮湖CDOM来源与结构组成影响较明显,丰水期其类腐殖质荧光强度显著大于枯水期(t-test,P0.01),并且与a(254)呈正相关(R~2=0.85,P0.01),表明类腐殖质是CDOM主要部分,该荧光组分贡献率可达50%[F_(max)C1/(F_(max)C1+F_(max)C2+F_(max)C3)×100%],高邮湖受到入湖河流来水的影响较大,丰水期入湖口附近荧光强度明显高于其他水域东平湖和南四湖CDOM来源组成特征相似,丰水期东平湖和南四湖组分C2和C3显著低于枯水期(t-test,P0.01),两湖泊枯水期工农业等人为污染源影响较大相关性分析表明高邮湖中类腐殖质荧光特征在一定程度是能反演DOC浓度,并且类腐殖质的输入会增加湖泊总磷、总氮和叶绿素a浓度而东平湖和南四湖CDOM荧光特征与主要水质参数的相关性较差,这与高邮湖水体存在较大差异.  相似文献